基于51单片机+74LS138译码器+8位共阴数码管时钟设计—按键修改时间

基于51单片机+74LS138译码器+8位数码管时钟设计—按键修改时间

通过74LS138译码器+8位共阴数码管配合实现时钟设计

为什么强调8位的数码管一定要是共阴的，因为，如果是采用共阳的8数码管是没法实现对数码管的每一个位进行控制的，这是由于74LS138输出特性所决定的。

  • 采用74LS138译码器可以节省4个IO的出来,除了节省IO口还有另外一个重要的原因就是单片机的驱动能力有限，在设计的过程当中，最好是单片机只负责运算和信号处理，驱动的事情交给其他专业的协同芯片来完成，不同芯片都有自己的专攻领地。

  • 📺例程一仿真演示：
    在这里插入图片描述

  • 配合74HC245缓存器来使用效果，至于为什么还需采用外围的芯片驱动，请看上面的信息。
    在这里插入图片描述

  • 🎬例程二仿真演示：
    在这里插入图片描述

📝程序代码：（例程一）

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#include <reg51.h>

typedef unsigned char uchar;
typedef unsigned int uint;

//按键定义
sbit key_stop = P2^0;
sbit key_star = P2^1;
sbit key_fen = P2^2;
sbit key_shi = P2^3;

//0~9的十六进制数码
//uchar code num[10] = {0xC0, 0xF9, 0xA4, 0xB0, 0x99, 0x92, 0x82, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x90}; // 0~9 7SegCA共阳数码管
//1100 0000,1001 1111,
unsigned char code num[]  = {0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71};
					  //共阴0-F段码，加code是存在rom里面
//秒、分、时标志
uchar miao = 0, fen = 0, shi = 0;  

//秒、分、时高位低位
uchar miao_L, miao_H, fen_L, fen_H, shi_L, shi_H; 

//计数
uint counter = 0;  


void delay(uint x){  //毫秒延时函数
	    unsigned int i=0,j=0;
    for(i=0;i<x;i++)
        for(j=0;j<123;j++);
		;
}//delay

void key\_delay(int xms){  //按键延时函数 x ms
	unsigned int i, j;
	for(i=0; i<xms; ++i)
		for(j=0; j<110; ++j)
			;
}//key\_delay

void T0\_Init(){  //定时器初始化
	
	TMOD = 0x01; 
	TH0 = 0x3c;  
	TL0 = 0xb0;	 
    EA = 1;  //开总中断
	ET0 = 1;     
	TR0 = 1;    
}//T0\_Init

void display(){  //显示函数
	
	//P1 = 0x20; //0010 0000共阳数码管
	//P1 =0xdf; //1101 1111共阴数码管
	P1=5;		//这是采用74LS138来实现控制的
	P0 = 0x40;	//段选显示-
	delay(2);

// P1 = 0x04; //位选0000 0100 
// P1 =0xfb; //1111 1011
	P1 = 2;
	P0 = 0x40;//段选显示-
	delay(2);

	//P1 = 0x40; // 1000 0000
	//P1=0X7F; //0111 1111
	P1 = 7;
	P0 = num[miao_L];  
	delay(2);

// P1 = 0x80; // 0100 0000
	// P1=0XBF; //1011 1111
	P1 = 6;
	P0 = num[miao_H]; 
	delay(2);

// P1 = 0x08; // 0001 0000
// P1=0XEF; //1110 1111
	P1 = 4;
	P0 = num[fen_L];  
	delay(2);

// P1 = 0x10; // 0000 1000
// P1=0XF7; //1111 0111
	P1 = 3;
	P0 = num[fen_H];  
	delay(2);

// P1 = 0x01; // 0000 0010 
// P1=0XFD; //1111 1101
	P1 = 1;
	P0 = num[shi_L];  
	delay(5);
	
// P1 = 0x02; // 0000 0001
// P1=0XFE; //1111 1110
	P1 = 0;
	P0 = num[shi_H]; 
	delay(5);

}//display

void keyscan(){  //按键函数

	if(key_stop == 0){
		key\_delay(10);
		if(key_stop == 0){
			EA = 0;  //关总中断，即停止
			while(!key_stop);
		}
	}//key\_stop
	
	if(key_star == 0){
		key\_delay(10);
		if(key_star == 0){
			EA = 1;  //开总中断
			while(!key_star);
		}
	}//key\_star 
	
	if(key_fen == 0){
		key\_delay(10);
		if(key_fen == 0){
			fen++;
			while(!key_fen);
		}
	}//key\_fen++
	
	if(key_shi == 0){
		key\_delay(10);
		if(key_shi == 0){
			shi++;
			while(!key_shi);
		}
	}//key\_shi++
}

void main(){

	T0\_Init(); 
	
	while(1){

		display();
		keyscan();		
   }

}

void timer0\_Init() interrupt 1
{  //中断函数 
	TL0 =(65536-50000)%256;//50ms预装载值
	TH0 =(65536-50000)/256;
	 counter++;
//1秒钟=50ms\*20=1000ms，20次计数为1秒钟
	 if(counter == 20){
	 	counter = 0;  
	 	miao++;	//i = 100 

		if(miao == 60){
			miao = 0;  
			fen++;

			if(fen == 60){
				fen = 0;  
				shi++;

				if(shi == 24){
					shi = 0;
					fen = 0;
					miao = 0;
				}
			}
		}

		miao_L = miao%10;  
		miao_H = miao/10; 

		fen_L = fen%10; 
		fen_H = fen/10;  

		shi_L = shi%10;  
		shi_H = shi/10;

	 }
 }//timer0\_Init


对位选代码进行封装优化后的代码
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//#include <reg51.h>
#include <STC89C5xRC.H>

typedef unsigned char uchar;
typedef unsigned int uint;

//按键定义
sbit key_stop = P2^0;
sbit key_star = P2^1;
sbit key_fen = P2^2;
sbit key_shi = P2^3;

//0~9的十六进制数码
//uchar code num[10] = {0xC0, 0xF9, 0xA4, 0xB0, 0x99, 0x92, 0x82, 0xF8, 0x80, 0x90}; // 0~9 7SegCA共阳数码管
//1100 0000,1001 1111,
unsigned char code num[]  = {0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,0x7f,0x6f,0x77,0x7c,0x39,0x5e,0x79,0x71};
//共阴0-F段码，加code是存在rom里面
//秒、分、时标志
uchar miao = 0, fen = 0, shi = 0;

//秒、分、时高位低位
uchar miao_L, miao_H, fen_L, fen_H, shi_L, shi_H;

//计数
uint counter = 0;

void Nixie(unsigned char Location);
void delay(uint x) { //毫秒延时函数
    unsigned int i=0,j=0;
    for(i=0; i<x; i++)
        for(j=0; j<123; j++);
    ;
}//delay

void key\_delay(int xms) { //按键延时函数 x ms
    unsigned int i, j;
    for(i=0; i<xms; ++i)
        for(j=0; j<110; ++j)
            ;
}//key\_delay

void T0\_Init() { //定时器初始化

    TMOD = 0x01;
    TH0 = 0x3c;
    TL0 = 0xb0;
    EA = 1;  //开总中断
    ET0 = 1;
    TR0 = 1;
}//T0\_Init

void display() { //显示函数

    //P1 = 0x20; //0010 0000共阳数码管
    //P1 =0xdf; //1101 1111共阴数码管
    // P1=5; //这是采用74LS138来实现控制的
    Nixie(5);
    P0 = 0x40;	//段选显示-
    delay(2);

// P1 = 0x04; //位选0000 0100
// P1 =0xfb; //1111 1011
    // P1 = 2;
    Nixie(2);
    P0 = 0x40;//段选显示-
    delay(2);

    //P1 = 0x40; // 1000 0000
    //P1=0X7F; //0111 1111
    // P1 = 7;
    Nixie(7);
    P0 = num[miao_L];
    delay(2);

// P1 = 0x80; // 0100 0000
    // P1=0XBF; //1011 1111
    // P1 = 6;
    Nixie(6);
    P0 = num[miao_H];
    delay(2);

// P1 = 0x08; // 0001 0000
// P1=0XEF; //1110 1111
// P1 = 4;
    Nixie(4);
    P0 = num[fen_L];
    delay(2);

// P1 = 0x10; // 0000 1000
// P1=0XF7; //1111 0111
// P1 = 3;
    Nixie(3);
    P0 = num[fen_H];
    delay(2);

// P1 = 0x01; // 0000 0010
// P1=0XFD; //1111 1101
// P1 = 1;
    Nixie(1);
    P0 = num[shi_L];
    delay(5);

// P1 = 0x02; // 0000 0001
// P1=0XFE; //1111 1110
// P1 = 0;
    Nixie(0);
    P0 = num[shi_H];
    delay(5);

}//display

void keyscan() { //按键函数

    if(key_stop == 0) {
        key\_delay(10);
        if(key_stop == 0) {
            EA = 0;  //关总中断，即停止
            while(!key_stop);
        }
    }//key\_stop

    if(key_star == 0) {
        key\_delay(10);
        if(key_star == 0) {
            EA = 1;  //开总中断
            while(!key_star);
        }
    }//key\_star

    if(key_fen == 0) {
        key\_delay(10);
        if(key_fen == 0) {
            fen++;
            while(!key_fen);
        }
    }//key\_fen++

    if(key_shi == 0) {
        key\_delay(10);
        if(key_shi == 0) {
            shi++;
            while(!key_shi);
        }
    }//key\_shi++
}

void main() {

    T0\_Init();

    while(1) {

        display();
        keyscan();
    }

}

void timer0\_Init() interrupt 1 { //中断函数

    TL0 =(65536-50000)%256;//50ms预装载值
    TH0 =(65536-50000)/256;
    counter++;
//1秒钟=50ms\*20=1000ms，20次计数为1秒钟
    if(counter == 20) {
        counter = 0;
        miao++;	//i = 100

        if(miao == 60) {
            miao = 0;
            fen++;

            if(fen == 60) {
                fen = 0;
                shi++;

                if(shi == 24) {
                    shi = 0;
                    fen = 0;
                    miao = 0;
                }
            }
        }

        miao_L = miao%10;
        miao_H = miao/10;

        fen_L = fen%10;
        fen_H = fen/10;

        shi_L = shi%10;
        shi_H = shi/10;

    }
}//timer0\_Init
 
void Nixie(unsigned char Location){
    switch(Location) {
    case 0 ://秒低位，Y0=0
        P10=0x00;
        P11=0x00;
        P12=0x00;
        break;
    case 1 ://时低位，Y1
        P10=0x01;
        P11=0x00;
        P12=0x00;
        break;
    case 2 ://时分间隔位-
        P10=0x00;
        P11=0x01;
        P12=0x00;
        break;
    case 3 ://分高位，Y3
        P10=0x01;
        P11=0x01;
        P12=0x00;
        break;
    case 4 ://分低位，Y4
        P10=0x00;
        P11=0x00;
        P12=0x01;
        break;
    case 5 ://秒分间隔位-
        P10=0x01;
        P11=0x00;
        P12=0x01;
        break;
    case 6 ://秒高位，Y6
        P10=0x00;
        P11=0x01;
        P12=0x01;
        break;
    case 7 ://秒低位，Y7
        P10=0x01;
        P11=0x01;
        P12=0x01;
        break;

    }

}

📚例程一程序源码和仿真资源

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链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1Ksb09OsshA6fZIL69bbezQ 
提取码：wah6

📝例程二程序代码

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#include <reg51.h>
#include <absacc.h>
#define uchar unsigned char
#define uint unsigned int
#define ture 1
#define fault 0

sbit SET = P1 ^ 7;

void  delay(uchar  k) ;
uchar monthday(uchar a, uchar b);
void display()	;

uchar code dayofmonth[] = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
uchar code scan[] = {0xe0, 0xe1, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xe4, 0xe5, 0xe6, 0xe7,
                     0xe8, 0xe9, 0xea, 0xeb, 0xec, 0xed, 0xee, 0xef,
                     0xf8, 0xf9, 0xfa, 0xfb, 0xfc, 0xfd
                    };
//扫描的译码信号
uchar i;
uchar code table[] = {0xBF, 0x86, 0xDB, 0xCF, 0xE6, 0xED, 0xFD, 0xA7, 0xFF, 0xEF, 0xC0};
uchar  buffer[] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
uchar  shuju = 0;
uchar  state = 0;
uchar  qxiang;

typedef  struct
{
    uchar year[2];
    uchar month;
    uchar day;
    uchar week;
} date;
typedef  struct
{
    uchar hour;
    uchar minute;
    uchar second;
} time;
uchar  count = 0;
date today = {{23, 20}, 6, 16, 5};
time now = {20,30, 10};

void main()
{
    TMOD = 0x01;
    TL0 = (65536 - 1000) % 256;
    TH0 = (65536 - 1000) / 256;
    IE = 0x82;	 //EA=1;ET0=1总中断允许和定时器中断允许
    TCON = 0x10;	 //定时器启动计数
    while(1)
    {
        P1 = 0xff;

        shuju = P1 & 0xff;
        qxiang = shuju & 0x80;
        switch(qxiang)
        {
        case(0x80):
            switch(shuju)
            {
            case(0xfe) :			   //秒调整
            {
                EA = 1;
                EX0 = 1;         //IE=0x83; //EA=1;ET0=1;EX0=0总中断允许，定时器中断允许，外中断允许
                IT0 = 1;         //TCON=0x11; //TR0=1;IT0=1;定时器启动,外中断为负边沿触发
            }
            break;
            case(0xfd)	:			 //分调整
            {
                EA = 1;
                EX0 = 1;                // IE=0x83;
                IT0 = 1;                  //TCON=0x11;
            }
            break;
            case(0xfb) :			//时调整
            {
                EA = 1;
                EX0 = 1;
                IT0 = 1;

            }
            break;
            case(0xf7) :			   //星期调整
            {
                EA = 1;
                EX0 = 1;
                IT0 = 1;

            }
            break;
            case(0xef) :					//日调整
            {
                EA = 1;
                EX0 = 1;
                IT0 = 1;

            }
            break;
            case(0xdf):				 //月调整
            {
                EA = 1;
                EX0 = 1;
                IT0 = 1;

            }
            break;
            case(0xbf):					//年调整
            {
                EA = 1;
                EX0 = 1;
                IT0 = 1;

            }
            break;
            default:						 //时钟正常计时
            {
                EA = 1;
                TR0 = 1;
                EX0 = 0;

            }
            break;
            }
            break;
        case(0x00) :
            switch(shuju)
            {
            case(0x7e):
            {
                EA = 1;
                EX0 = 1;
                IT0 = 1;

            }
            break;
            case(0x7d):
            {
                EA = 1;
                EX0 = 1;
                IT0 = 1;

            }
            break;
            case(0x7b):
            {
                EA = 1;
                EX0 = 1;
                IT0 = 1;

            }
            break;
            case(0x77):
            {
                EA = 1;
                EX0 = 1;
                IT0 = 1;

            }
            break;
            case(0x6f):
            {
                EA = 1;
                EX0 = 1;
                IT0 = 1;

            }
            break;
            case(0x5f):
            {
                EA = 1;
                EX0 = 1;
                IT0 = 1;

            }
            break;
            case(0x3f):
            {
                EA = 1;
                EX0 = 1;
                IT0 = 1;

            }
            break;
            default:						 //时钟正常计时
            {
                EA = 1;
                TR0 = 1;
                EX0 = 0;

            }
            break;
            }
            break;
        }
    }
}

void inter0()  interrupt 0  using 0
{
    uchar result, z;
    result = shuju;
    switch(qxiang)
    {
    case(0x80):
        switch(result)
        {
        case(0xfe) :					  // if(result==0xfe) //秒调整 +
        {
            now.second++;
            if(now.second >= 60)
            {
                now.second = 0;
            }
            display();
        }
        break;

        case(0xfd) :		             //if(result==0xfd) //分调整 +
        {
            now.minute++;
            if(now.minute >= 60)
            {
                now.minute = 0;
            }
            display();
        }
        break;

        case(0xfb) :		   //if(result==0xfb) //时调整 +
        {
            now.hour++;
            if(now.hour >= 24)
            {
                now.hour = 0;
            }
            display();
        }
        break;

        case(0xf7)	:		  // if(result==0xf7) //星期调整 +
        {
            today.week++;
            if(today.week >= 8)
            {
                today.week = 1;
            }
            display();
        }
        break;

        case(0xef) :			//if(result==0xef) //日期调整 +
        {
            today.day++;
            z = monthday(today.year[1]  ,  today.year[0]);
            if((z == 1) && (today.month == 2))
            {
                if(today.day >= 30)
                    today.day = 1;
            }

            else if(today.day > dayofmonth[today.month - 1])
                today.day = 1;
            display();
        }
        break;

        case(0xdf) :			 //if(result==0xdf) //月调整 +

        {
            today.month++;
            if(today.month >= 13)
            {
                today.month = 1;
            }
            display();
        }
        break;


        case(0xbf) :					 //if(result==0xbf) //年调整 +
        {
            today.year[0] = today.year[0] + 1;
            if(today.year[0] >= 100)
            {
                today.year[0] = 0;
                today.year[1] = today.year[1] + 1;
                if(today.year[1] >= 100)
                {
                    today.year[1] = 0;
                }
            }
            display();
        }
        break;
        default:						 //时钟正常计时
        {
            EA = 1;
            TR0 = 1;
            EX0 = 0;

        }
        break;
        }
        break;

    case(0x00):
        switch(result)
        {
        case(0x7e):				//if(result==0x7f) //秒调整—
        {
            if(now.second > 0)
                now.second = now.second - 1;
            else  now.second = 59;
            display();
        }
        break;

        case(0x7d):						//if(result==0x7d) //分调整—
        {
            if(now.minute > 0)
                now.minute = now.minute - 1;
            else now.minute = 59;
            display();
        }
        break;

        case(0x7b) :					  //if(result==0x7b) // 时调整-

        {
            if(now.hour > 0)
                now.hour = now.hour - 1;
            else now.hour = 23 ;
            display();
        }
        break;

        case(0x77) :					 //if(result==0x77) // 周调整—
        {
            if(today.week > 1)
                today.week = today.week - 1;
            else today.week = 7;
            display();
        }
        break;


        case(0x6f):							   	//if(result==0x6f) // 日期调整—
        {
            z = monthday(today.year[1]  ,  today.year[0]);
            if((z == 1) && (today.month == 2))
            {
                if(today.day > 1)
                    today.day = today.day - 1;
                else today.day = 29;
            }
            else
            {
                if(today.day > 1)
                    today.day = today.day - 1;
                else today.day = dayofmonth[today.month - 1];
            }
            display();
        }
        break;

        case(0x5f):							//if(result==0x5f) // 月调整—
        {
            if(today.month > 1)
                today.month = today.month - 1;
            else today.month = 12;
            display();
        }
        break;
        case(0x3f) :	  // 年调整——
        {
            if(today.year[0] > 0)
                today.year[0] = today.year[0] - 1;
            else
            {
                today.year[0] = 99;
                today.year[1] = today.year[1] - 1;
            }
            display();
        }
        break;
        default:						 //时钟正常计时
        {
            EA = 1;
            TR0 = 1;
            EX0 = 0;
        }
        break;
        }
        break;
    }
}

void  timer0\_int() interrupt 1 using 1
{
    uchar c;
    TL0 = (65536 - 1000) % 256;		 //中断时间是10ms
    TH0 = (65536 - 1000) / 256;
    TR0 = 1;
    count++;
    if(count == 35)
    {
        count = 0;
        now.second = now.second + 1;
        if(now.second >= 60)
        {
            now.second = 0;
            now.minute++;
            if(now.minute >= 60)
            {
                now.minute = 0;
                now.hour++;
                if(now.hour >= 24)
                {
                    now.hour = 0;
                    today.week++;
                    today.day++;
                    if(today.week >= 8)
                    {
                        today.week = 1;
                    }
                    c = monthday(today.year[1], today.year[0]);
                    if((c == 1) && (today.month == 2))
                    {
                        if(today.day >= 30)
                        {
                            today.day = 1;
                            today.month++;
                        }

                    }
                    else if(today.day >= (dayofmonth[today.month - 1] + 1))
                    {
                        today.day = 1;
                        today.month++;
                        if(today.month >= 13)
                        {
                            today.month = 1;
                            today.year[0] = today.year[0] + 1;
                            if(today.year[0] >= 100)
                            {
                                today.year[0] = 0;
                                today.year[1] = today.year[1] + 1;
                                if(today.year[1] >= 100)
                                {
                                    today.year[1] = 0;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    display();
}
void  delay(uchar  k)
{
    uchar m, n;
    for(m = 0; m <= k; m++)
        for(n = 0; n <= 40; n++);
}
// 计算年份程序
uchar  monthday(uchar a, uchar b)
{
    uchar x, y;
    x = a \* 100 + b;
    if(x % 4 != 0)
        y = 0;
    else if(x % 100 != 0)
        y = 1;
    else if(x % 400 != 0)
        y = 0;
    else y = 1;

//if((x%4==0 && x%100!=0)|| (x%400==0))
// y=1;
// else y=0;
    return(y) ;
}
void display()
{
    buffer[0] = now.second % 10;
    buffer[1] = now.second / 10;
    buffer[2] = 10;
    buffer[3] = now.minute % 10;
    buffer[4] = now.minute / 10;
    buffer[5] = 10;
    buffer[6] = now.hour % 10;
    buffer[7] = now.hour / 10;
    buffer[8] = today.week % 10;
    buffer[9] = today.week / 10;
    buffer[10] = 10;
    buffer[11] = today.day % 10;
    buffer[12] = today.day / 10;
    buffer[13] = 10;
    buffer[14] = today.month % 10;
    buffer[15] = today.month / 10;
    buffer[16] = 10;
    buffer[17] = today.year[0] % 10;
    buffer[18] = today.year[0] / 10;
    buffer[19] = today.year[1] % 10;
    buffer[20] = today.year[1] / 10;
    buffer[21] = 10;
    for(i = 0; i <= 21; i++)
    {
        P0 = table[buffer[i]];
        P2 = scan[i];
        delay(8);
        P2 = 0xFF;
    }
}

📚例程二程序代码和仿真资源

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链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1LDxyQ4hYZxsst05mBVMNhQ 
提取码：05q3