ESP8266-Arduino编程实例-2.8寸TFT LCD驱动（ILI9341控制器）

2.8寸TFT LCD驱动（ILI9341控制器）

液晶显示器 (LCD) 是一种平板显示器或其他电子调制光学设备，它利用液晶与偏振器的光调制特性。液晶不直接发光，而是使用背光或反射器来产生彩色或单色图像。LCD 可用于显示任意图像（如在通用计算机显示器中）或具有低信息内容的固定图像，可以显示或隐藏。例如：预设的文字、数字和七段显示器，如数字时钟，都是具有这些显示器的设备的好例子。它们使用相同的基本技术，除了任意图像由小像素矩阵组成，而其他显示器具有更大的元素。 LCD 可以正常开启（正）或关闭（负），具体取决于偏振器的排列。例如，带有背光的字符正型 LCD 将在背景上带有黑色字母，这是背光的颜色，而字符负型 LCD 将具有黑色背景，字母与背光颜色相同。滤光片被添加到蓝色 LCD 上的白色中，以赋予它们独特的外观。

本次实例使用的2.8’’LCD是基于ILI9341芯片驱动的。该LCD模块通过SPI与MCU进行通信。

2、硬件准备

• ESP8266 NodeMCU开发板一块
• LCD(ILI9341)模块一个
• 面板板一个
• 杜邦线若干
• 数据线一条

硬件接线如下：

LCD模块引脚	ESP8266开发板引脚
TFT_RST	D2
TFT_DC	D3
TFT_CS	D4
TFT_SDA/MOSI	D7
TFT_SCK	D5

3、软件准备

• Arduino IDE或VSCode + PlatformIO

在前面的文章中，对如何搭建ESP8266开发环境做了详细的介绍，请参考：

• ESP8266-Arduino编程实例-开发环境搭建（基于Arduino IDE）
• ESP8266-Arduino编程实例-开发环境搭建（基于PlatformIO）

ESP8266 NodeMCU的引脚介绍在前面的文章中做了详细的介绍，请参考：

• ESP8266-Arduino编程实例-认识ESP8266

4、代码实现

本次实例使用到驱动库如下：

• https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit-GFX-Library
• https://github.com/adafruit/Adafruit\_ILI9341

本次示例代码仅对Adafruit_ILI9341库的示例稍作改动即可：

#include "SPI.h"
#include "Adafruit\_GFX.h"
#include "Adafruit\_ILI9341.h"

// For the Adafruit shield, these are the default.

#define TFT\_CS D4
#define TFT\_DC D3
#define TFT\_MOSI D7
#define TFT\_MISO D6
#define TFT\_RST D2
#define TFT\_CLK D5
// Use hardware SPI (on Uno, #13, #12, #11) and the above for CS/DC
//Adafruit\_ILI9341 tft = Adafruit\_ILI9341(TFT\_CS, TFT\_DC);
// If using the breakout, change pins as desired
Adafruit_ILI9341 tft = Adafruit\_ILI9341(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_MOSI, TFT_CLK, TFT_RST, TFT_MISO);

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial.println("ILI9341 Test!"); 
 
  tft.begin();

  // read diagnostics (optional but can help debug problems)
  uint8\_t x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMODE);
  Serial.print("Display Power Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDMADCTL);
  Serial.print("MADCTL Mode: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDPIXFMT);
  Serial.print("Pixel Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDIMGFMT);
  Serial.print("Image Format: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX);
  x = tft.readcommand8(ILI9341_RDSELFDIAG);
  Serial.print("Self Diagnostic: 0x"); Serial.println(x, HEX); 
  
  Serial.println(F("Benchmark Time (microseconds)"));
  delay(10);
  Serial.print(F("Screen fill "));
  Serial.println(testFillScreen());
  delay(500);

  Serial.print(F("Text "));
  Serial.println(testText());
  delay(3000);

  Serial.print(F("Lines "));
  Serial.println(testLines(ILI9341_CYAN));
  delay(500);

  Serial.print(F("Horiz/Vert Lines "));
  Serial.println(testFastLines(ILI9341_RED, ILI9341_BLUE));
  delay(500);

  Serial.print(F("Rectangles (outline) "));
  Serial.println(testRects(ILI9341_GREEN));
  delay(500);

  Serial.print(F("Rectangles (filled) "));
  Serial.println(testFilledRects(ILI9341_YELLOW, ILI9341_MAGENTA));
  delay(500);

  Serial.print(F("Circles (filled) "));
  Serial.println(testFilledCircles(10, ILI9341_MAGENTA));

  Serial.print(F("Circles (outline) "));
  Serial.println(testCircles(10, ILI9341_WHITE));
  delay(500);

  Serial.print(F("Triangles (outline) "));
  Serial.println(testTriangles());
  delay(500);

  Serial.print(F("Triangles (filled) "));
  Serial.println(testFilledTriangles());
  delay(500);

  Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (outline) "));
  Serial.println(testRoundRects());
  delay(500);

  Serial.print(F("Rounded rects (filled) "));
  Serial.println(testFilledRoundRects());
  delay(500);

  Serial.println(F("Done!"));

}


void loop(void) {
  for(uint8\_t rotation=0; rotation<4; rotation++) {
    tft.setRotation(rotation);
    testText();
    delay(1000);
  }
}

unsigned long testFillScreen() {
  unsigned long start = micros();
  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  yield();
  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_RED);
  yield();
  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_GREEN);
  yield();
  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLUE);
  yield();
  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  yield();
  return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testText() {
  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  unsigned long start = micros();
  tft.setCursor(0, 0);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_WHITE);  tft.setTextSize(1);
  tft.println("Hello World!");
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_YELLOW); tft.setTextSize(2);
  tft.println(1234.56);
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_RED);    tft.setTextSize(3);
  tft.println(0xDEADBEEF, HEX);
  tft.println();
  tft.setTextColor(ILI9341_GREEN);
  tft.setTextSize(5);
  tft.println("Groop");
  tft.setTextSize(2);
  tft.println("I implore thee,");
  tft.setTextSize(1);
  tft.println("my foonting turlingdromes.");
  tft.println("And hooptiously drangle me");
  tft.println("with crinkly bindlewurdles,");
  tft.println("Or I will rend thee");
  tft.println("in the gobberwarts");
  tft.println("with my blurglecruncheon,");
  tft.println("see if I don't!");
  return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testLines(uint16\_t color) {
  unsigned long start, t;
  int           x1, y1, x2, y2,
                w = tft.width(),
                h = tft.height();

  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  yield();
  
  x1 = y1 = 0;
  y2    = h - 1;
  start = micros();
  for(x2=0; x2<w; x2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
  x2    = w - 1;
  for(y2=0; y2<h; y2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
  t     = micros() - start; // fillScreen doesn't count against timing

  yield();
  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  yield();

  x1    = w - 1;
  y1    = 0;
  y2    = h - 1;
  start = micros();
  for(x2=0; x2<w; x2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
  x2    = 0;
  for(y2=0; y2<h; y2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
  t    += micros() - start;

  yield();
  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  yield();

  x1    = 0;
  y1    = h - 1;
  y2    = 0;
  start = micros();
  for(x2=0; x2<w; x2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
  x2    = w - 1;
  for(y2=0; y2<h; y2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
  t    += micros() - start;

  yield();
  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  yield();

  x1    = w - 1;
  y1    = h - 1;
  y2    = 0;
  start = micros();
  for(x2=0; x2<w; x2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);
  x2    = 0;
  for(y2=0; y2<h; y2+=6) tft.drawLine(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);

  yield();
  return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testFastLines(uint16\_t color1, uint16\_t color2) {
  unsigned long start;
  int           x, y, w = tft.width(), h = tft.height();

  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  start = micros();
  for(y=0; y<h; y+=5) tft.drawFastHLine(0, y, w, color1);
  for(x=0; x<w; x+=5) tft.drawFastVLine(x, 0, h, color2);

  return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testRects(uint16\_t color) {
  unsigned long start;
  int           n, i, i2,
                cx = tft.width()  / 2,
                cy = tft.height() / 2;

  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  n     = min(tft.width(), tft.height());
  start = micros();
  for(i=2; i<n; i+=6) {
    i2 = i / 2;
    tft.drawRect(cx-i2, cy-i2, i, i, color);
  }

  return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testFilledRects(uint16\_t color1, uint16\_t color2) {
  unsigned long start, t = 0;
  int           n, i, i2,
                cx = tft.width()  / 2 - 1,
                cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;

  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  n = min(tft.width(), tft.height());
  for(i=n; i>0; i-=6) {
    i2    = i / 2;
    start = micros();
    tft.fillRect(cx-i2, cy-i2, i, i, color1);
    t    += micros() - start;
    // Outlines are not included in timing results
    tft.drawRect(cx-i2, cy-i2, i, i, color2);
    yield();
  }

  return t;
}

unsigned long testFilledCircles(uint8\_t radius, uint16\_t color) {
  unsigned long start;
  int x, y, w = tft.width(), h = tft.height(), r2 = radius \* 2;

  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  start = micros();
  for(x=radius; x<w; x+=r2) {
    for(y=radius; y<h; y+=r2) {
      tft.fillCircle(x, y, radius, color);
    }
  }

  return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testCircles(uint8\_t radius, uint16\_t color) {
  unsigned long start;
  int           x, y, r2 = radius \* 2,
                w = tft.width()  + radius,
                h = tft.height() + radius;

  // Screen is not cleared for this one -- this is
  // intentional and does not affect the reported time.
  start = micros();
  for(x=0; x<w; x+=r2) {
    for(y=0; y<h; y+=r2) {
      tft.drawCircle(x, y, radius, color);
    }
  }

  return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testTriangles() {
  unsigned long start;
  int           n, i, cx = tft.width()  / 2 - 1,
                      cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;

  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  n     = min(cx, cy);
  start = micros();
  for(i=0; i<n; i+=5) {
    tft.drawTriangle(
      cx    , cy - i, // peak
      cx - i, cy + i, // bottom left
      cx + i, cy + i, // bottom right
      tft.color565(i, i, i));
  }

  return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testFilledTriangles() {
  unsigned long start, t = 0;
  int           i, cx = tft.width()  / 2 - 1,
                   cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;

  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  start = micros();
  for(i=min(cx,cy); i>10; i-=5) {
    start = micros();
    tft.fillTriangle(cx, cy - i, cx - i, cy + i, cx + i, cy + i,
      tft.color565(0, i\*10, i\*10));
    t += micros() - start;
    tft.drawTriangle(cx, cy - i, cx - i, cy + i, cx + i, cy + i,
      tft.color565(i\*10, i\*10, 0));
    yield();
  }

  return t;
}

unsigned long testRoundRects() {
  unsigned long start;
  int           w, i, i2,
                cx = tft.width()  / 2 - 1,
                cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;

  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  w     = min(tft.width(), tft.height());
  start = micros();
  for(i=0; i<w; i+=6) {
    i2 = i / 2;
    tft.drawRoundRect(cx-i2, cy-i2, i, i, i/8, tft.color565(i, 0, 0));
  }

  return micros() - start;
}

unsigned long testFilledRoundRects() {
  unsigned long start;
  int           i, i2,
                cx = tft.width()  / 2 - 1,
                cy = tft.height() / 2 - 1;

  tft.fillScreen(ILI9341_BLACK);
  start = micros();
  for(i=min(tft.width(), tft.height()); i>20; i-=6) {
    i2 = i / 2;
    tft.fillRoundRect(cx-i2, cy-i2, i, i, i/8, tft.color565(0, i, 0));
    yield();
  }

  return micros() - start;
}

文章来源: https://iotsmart.blog.csdn.net/article/details/127038406