STM32F1与STM32CubeIDE编程实例-PWM驱动蜂鸣器生产旋律

PWM驱动蜂鸣器生产旋律

蜂鸣器或蜂鸣器是一种音频信号装置， 可以是机械的、机电的或压电的（简称压电）。其主要功能是将信号从音频转换为声音。 一般通过直流电压供电，用于定时器、报警器、打印机、报警器、电脑等。根据不同的设计，它可以产生不同的声音，如闹钟、音乐、铃声和警笛。

蜂鸣器又分为有源蜂鸣器和无源蜂鸣器。本次实例使用无源蜂鸣器，如上图所示。

1、蜂鸣器配置

开发环境搭建、系统时钟配置、调试配置及串口配置，请参考：

• STM32F1与STM32CubeIDE快速入门-开发环境搭建
• STM32F1与STM32CubeIDE快速入门-GPIO概述与点亮LED
• STM32F1与STM32CubeIDE快速入门-USART/UART串口通信

本次实例通过定时器的PWM功能驱动蜂鸣器。通过指定PWM输出时间长短和调整PWM输出频率，生成不同的声音（旋律）。配置如下：

在前面的文章中，对定时器的PWM功能做也详细的介绍，请参考：

• STM32F1与STM32CubeIDE快速入门-定时器PWM模式
• STM32F1与STM32CubeIDE快速入门-ADC轮询方式实现PWM调光器
• STM32F1与STM32CubeIDE快速入门-ADC中断方式实现PWM调光器
• STM32F1与STM32CubeIDE快速入门-ADC通过DMA方式与PWM实现调光器

2、蜂鸣器驱动实现

1）基本定义

/\*
 \* buzzer.h
 \*
 \* Created on: May 3, 2022
 \* Author: jenson
 \*/

#ifndef \_\_BUZZER\_H\_\_
#define \_\_BUZZER\_H\_\_

#include <stm32f1xx\_hal.h>
#include "main.h"

typedef struct {
	uint16\_t id;
	TIM_HandleTypeDef\* TIMx;
	GPIO_TypeDef\* GPIOx;
	uint16\_t GPIO_Pinx;
	uint16\_t TIMx_Channel;
}buzzer\_t;

void buzzer\_init(buzzer\_t\* buzzer);
void buzzer\_play\_tone(buzzer\_t\* buzzer);
void buzzer\_set\_frequency(buzzer\_t\* buzzer,uint32\_t freq);

#endif /\* \_\_BUZZER\_H\_\_ \*/

2）蜂鸣器初始化

/\*
 \* buzzer.c
 \*
 \* Created on: May 3, 2022
 \* Author: jenson
 \*/
#include "buzzer.h"
#include "tone\_melody.h"
#define CPU\_FREQ 72000000
#define PRESCALER 72

void buzzer\_init(buzzer\_t \*buzzer) {
	HAL\_TIM\_PWM\_Start(buzzer->TIMx, buzzer->TIMx_Channel);
}

3）定时器PWM输出时间长短和频率更新

void buzzer\_set\_frequency(buzzer\_t \*buzzer, uint32\_t new_freq) {
	uint64\_t temp_freq = new_freq;
	if (new_freq == 0)
		temp_freq = 1;

	uint64\_t new_value = (uint64\_t) CPU_FREQ / PRESCALER / temp_freq;

	// 更新
	buzzer->TIMx->Instance->ARR = (uint32\_t) new_value;
	buzzer->TIMx->Instance->CCR4 = (uint32\_t) new_value / 2;

}

4）PWM生成旋律

void buzzer_play_tone(buzzer_t *buzzer) {
	int melody_count = sizeof(melody_sizes) / sizeof(uint32_t);

	for (int melody_index = 0; melody_index < melody_count; melody_index++) {
		for (int note_index = 0; note_index < melody_sizes[melody_index];
				note_index++) {
			buzzer_set_frequency(buzzer, melody[melody_index][note_index]);
			HAL_Delay(
					note_durations[melody_index][note_index]
							* melody_slow_factor[melody_index]);
		}
	}
}

5）旋律定义

#ifndef MELODY\_H\_
#define MELODY\_H\_

#define NOTE\_B0 31
#define NOTE\_C1 33
#define NOTE\_CS1 35
#define NOTE\_D1 37
#define NOTE\_DS1 39
#define NOTE\_E1 41
#define NOTE\_F1 44
#define NOTE\_FS1 46
#define NOTE\_G1 49
#define NOTE\_GS1 52
#define NOTE\_A1 55
#define NOTE\_AS1 58
#define NOTE\_B1 62
#define NOTE\_C2 65
#define NOTE\_CS2 69
#define NOTE\_D2 73
#define NOTE\_DS2 78
#define NOTE\_E2 82
#define NOTE\_F2 87
#define NOTE\_FS2 93
#define NOTE\_G2 98
#define NOTE\_GS2 104
#define NOTE\_A2 110
#define NOTE\_AS2 117
#define NOTE\_B2 123
#define NOTE\_C3 131
#define NOTE\_CS3 139
#define NOTE\_D3 147
#define NOTE\_DS3 156
#define NOTE\_E3 165
#define NOTE\_F3 175
#define NOTE\_FS3 185
#define NOTE\_G3 196
#define NOTE\_GS3 208
#define NOTE\_A3 220
#define NOTE\_AS3 233
#define NOTE\_B3 247
#define NOTE\_C4 262
#define NOTE\_CS4 277
#define NOTE\_D4 294
#define NOTE\_DS4 311
#define NOTE\_E4 330
#define NOTE\_F4 349
#define NOTE\_FS4 370
#define NOTE\_G4 392
#define NOTE\_GS4 415
#define NOTE\_A4 440
#define NOTE\_AS4 466
#define NOTE\_B4 494
#define NOTE\_C5 523
#define NOTE\_CS5 554
#define NOTE\_D5 587
#define NOTE\_DS5 622
#define NOTE\_E5 659
#define NOTE\_F5 698
#define NOTE\_FS5 740
#define NOTE\_G5 784
#define NOTE\_GS5 831
#define NOTE\_A5 880
#define NOTE\_AS5 932
#define NOTE\_B5 988
#define NOTE\_C6 1047
#define NOTE\_CS6 1109
#define NOTE\_D6 1175
#define NOTE\_DS6 1245
#define NOTE\_E6 1319
#define NOTE\_F6 1397
#define NOTE\_FS6 1480
#define NOTE\_G6 1568
#define NOTE\_GS6 1661
#define NOTE\_A6 1760
#define NOTE\_AS6 1865
#define NOTE\_B6 1976
#define NOTE\_C7 2093
#define NOTE\_CS7 2217
#define NOTE\_D7 2349
#define NOTE\_DS7 2489
#define NOTE\_E7 2637
#define NOTE\_F7 2794
#define NOTE\_FS7 2960
#define NOTE\_G7 3136
#define NOTE\_GS7 3322
#define NOTE\_A7 3520
#define NOTE\_AS7 3729
#define NOTE\_B7 3951
#define NOTE\_C8 4186
#define NOTE\_CS8 4435
#define NOTE\_D8 4699
#define NOTE\_DS8 4978

const uint32\_t mario_melody[] = {
		  NOTE_E7, NOTE_E7, 0, NOTE_E7,
		  0, NOTE_C7, NOTE_E7, 0,
		  NOTE_G7, 0, 0,  0,
		  NOTE_G6, 0, 0, 0,

		  NOTE_C7, 0, 0, NOTE_G6,
		  0, 0, NOTE_E6, 0,
		  0, NOTE_A6, 0, NOTE_B6,
		  0, NOTE_AS6, NOTE_A6, 0,

		  NOTE_G6, NOTE_E7, NOTE_G7,
		  NOTE_A7, 0, NOTE_F7, NOTE_G7,
		  0, NOTE_E7, 0, NOTE_C7,
		  NOTE_D7, NOTE_B6, 0, 0,

		  NOTE_C7, 0, 0, NOTE_G6,
		  0, 0, NOTE_E6, 0,
		  0, NOTE_A6, 0, NOTE_B6,
		  0, NOTE_AS6, NOTE_A6, 0,

		  NOTE_G6, NOTE_E7, NOTE_G7,
		  NOTE_A7, 0, NOTE_F7, NOTE_G7,
		  0, NOTE_E7, 0, NOTE_C7,
		  NOTE_D7, NOTE_B6, 0, 0
};

const uint32\_t second_melody[] = {
		  NOTE_D4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_FS4, NOTE_A4,
		  NOTE_G4, NOTE_C5, NOTE_AS4, NOTE_A4,
		  NOTE_FS4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_A4, NOTE_FS4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_D4,
		  NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4,0,

		  NOTE_D4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_FS4, NOTE_A4,
		  NOTE_G4, NOTE_C5, NOTE_D5, NOTE_C5, NOTE_AS4, NOTE_C5, NOTE_AS4, NOTE_A4,      //29 //8
		  NOTE_FS4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_A4, NOTE_FS4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_D4,
		  NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4,0,

		  NOTE_D4, NOTE_FS4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_A4, NOTE_DS5, NOTE_D5,
		  NOTE_C5, NOTE_AS4, NOTE_A4, NOTE_C5,
		  NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_DS4, NOTE_FS4, NOTE_D5, NOTE_C5,
		  NOTE_AS4, NOTE_A4, NOTE_C5, NOTE_AS4,             //58

		  NOTE_D4, NOTE_FS4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_A4, NOTE_DS5, NOTE_D5,
		  NOTE_C5, NOTE_D5, NOTE_C5, NOTE_AS4, NOTE_C5, NOTE_AS4, NOTE_A4, NOTE_C5, NOTE_G4,
		  NOTE_A4, 0, NOTE_AS4, NOTE_A4, 0, NOTE_G4,
		  NOTE_G4, NOTE_A4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_FS4, 0,

		  NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_FS4, NOTE_DS4,
		  NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4, 0,
		  NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4, NOTE_G4, NOTE_FS4, NOTE_DS4,
		  NOTE_C4, NOTE_D4
};

const uint32\_t mario_duration[] = {
		  12, 12, 12, 12,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,

		  12, 12, 12, 12,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,

		  9, 9, 9,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,

		  12, 12, 12, 12,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,

		  9, 9, 9,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,
		  12, 12, 12, 12,
};

const uint32\_t second_duration[] = {
  8,4,8,4,
  4,4,4,12,
  4,4,4,4,4,4,
  4,16,4,

  8,4,8,4,
  4,2,1,1,2,1,1,12,
  4,4,4,4,4,4,
  4,16,4,

  4,4,4,4,4,4,
  4,4,4,12,
  4,4,4,4,4,4,
  4,4,4,12,

  4,4,4,4,4,4,
  2,1,1,2,1,1,4,8,4,
  2,6,4,2,6,4,
  2,1,1,16,4,

  4,8,4,4,4,
  4,16,4,
  4,8,4,4,4,
  4,20,
};

const uint32\_t\* melody[] ={mario_melody, second_melody};
const uint32\_t\* note_durations[] = {mario_duration, second_duration};
const uint16\_t melody_slow_factor[] ={15, 30};

const uint32\_t melody_sizes[] ={sizeof(mario_melody)/sizeof(uint32\_t),
						sizeof(second_duration)/sizeof(uint32\_t)};
#endif /\* MELODY\_H\_ \*/

6）主程序

在main.c文件中添加如下代码

/\* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------\*/
/\* USER CODE BEGIN Includes \*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include "buzzer/buzzer.h"
/\* USER CODE END Includes \*/

int main(void) {
	/\* USER CODE BEGIN 1 \*/

	/\* USER CODE END 1 \*/

	/\* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------\*/

	/\* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. \*/
	HAL\_Init();

	/\* USER CODE BEGIN Init \*/

	/\* USER CODE END Init \*/

	/\* Configure the system clock \*/
	SystemClock\_Config();

	/\* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit \*/

	/\* USER CODE END SysInit \*/

	/\* Initialize all configured peripherals \*/
	MX\_GPIO\_Init();
	MX\_TIM2\_Init();
	MX\_USART1\_UART\_Init();
	/\* USER CODE BEGIN 2 \*/
	buzzer.TIMx = &htim2;
	buzzer.TIMx_Channel = TIM_CHANNEL_3;
	buzzer\_init(&buzzer);
	printf("\*\*\*\*STM32CubeIDE:Buzzer PWM\*\*\*\r\n");

	/\* USER CODE END 2 \*/

	/\* Infinite loop \*/
	/\* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE \*/
	while (1) {
		/\* USER CODE END WHILE \*/

		/\* USER CODE BEGIN 3 \*/
        // 循环播放旋律
		buzzer\_play\_tone(&buzzer);
	}
	/\* USER CODE END 3 \*/
}

将蜂鸣器的正极引脚连接到定时2，PWM输出引脚PA2，编译代码，下载到芯片，即可驱动蜂鸣器。

文章来源: https://iotsmart.blog.csdn.net/article/details/125557152